What is Computer Networking?

By DeVry University

May 13, 2023
5 min read

Computer networking is the complete process of creating and implementing computer networks using hardware, software and protocols. A computer network itself consists of two or more computing devices that are connected by wires such as Ethernet cables, fiber optic cables or wireless signals for the purpose of sharing information quickly.

Generally, the type of network being established determines how far apart devices on the network can be and the type of connectors needed. 

Learn more about computer networking as we explore the following questions:

Today’s traditional computer network is made up devices such as network switches, routers and controllers. A network switch connects devices to the network. A router sends and receives data to and from the network and connects a local network to the internet. A network controller optimizes performance according to input business objectives.

Modern computer networks, on the other hand, also include connections to everyday devices such as cameras, doorbells, audio/visual systems, thermostats, etc. These smart devices have the capability of connecting to the internet and make up what is commonly referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT).

Computer networks are the bedrock of IT communications, with the earliest examples being the room-sized computer networks from the 1960s. As technology advances and the list of IoT devices grows, computer networking and the need for professionals who can set up and maintain these networks will continue to be crucial. Only smooth-running and secure computer networks can ensure the seamless transfer of information we’ve come to expect of our connected devices.

Computer networks allow a collection of devices to share data and resources with each other through wired or wireless connections. Network configurations are flexible and unique to each situation in which they’re used. That being said, every network requires two basic things: 1) a network adapter, which allows a computer to interact with the network, and 2) a centralized hub that devices can connect to in order to access the network.

For example, the internet modem provided by your internet service provider is how your personal computer connects to the internet (acting as your network adapter). The wireless router that you connect your laptop, smartphone and printer to using WiFi is how additional devices are able to access your internet connection (acting as your centralized hub).

Companies and organizations are undergoing a significant paradigm shift post-pandemic as they work towards fully digitizing their businesses. As a result, modern-day networks are becoming increasingly critical components for business continuity and consistent user experience. With an increase in available IoT devices and increased traffic as more businesses do more online, data and traffic volume management has become a growing concern.

Computer networks are evolving in numerous ways in order to meet these needs. Some trends include automating traffic routing and operations for greater business agility, automating network performance for improved outcomes, performing automated security analysis to protect against threats and scaling networks by virtualizing aspects of network infrastructure.

Computer networking is trending toward a future that is heavily automated, relying on bots and other automation technology for efficient and effective network deployment and management. Being able to identify operational inefficiencies and solve for them using automated technology may be invaluable skillsets for those thinking about pursuing a career in computer networking today.